1. Surplus (n.)
- : the amount by which the amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent
- e.g. The balance of payments was in surplus last year (= the value of exports was greater than the value of imports).
2. Hieroglyphic (a.)
- : a picture or symbol of an object, representing a word, syllable or sound, especially as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing systems
- e.g. The mission is named after the Rosetta stone, which provided the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
3. Incompetent (a.)
- : not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done
- e.g. The Prime Minister was attacked as incompetent to lead.
4. Cuneiform (n.)
- : an ancient system of writing used in Persia and Assyria
- e.g. In Mesopotamia, they were written in cuneiform on clay tablets.
5. Obscure (a.)
- : not well known
- e.g. He was born around 1650 but his origins remain obscure.
6. Priestly (adj.)
- : Relating to the life and work of a priest
- e.g. To strip of priestly privileges and functions
7. Necessitate (v.)
- : To make something necessary.
- e.g. These assumptions necessitate different conclusions.
8. Synagogue (n.)
: A building used by Jewish people for worship and religious study.
e.g. The platform from which services are conducted in a synagogue.
9. Reproach (v.)
: to blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you aredisappointed at what they have done
e.g. He publicly reproached his son for his behavior.
10. Groundwork (n.)
: work that is done as preparation for other work that will be done later
e.g. His speech laid the groundwork for independence.
11. Forsake (v.)
: to leave someone, or to stop helping or taking care of them, when they still need you.
e.g. Why have you forsaken me?
12. Caste (n.)
: one of the traditional social classes that people were born into in Hindu society, or the system of having these classes.
e.g. I suppose you also have a caste system in your society.
13. Legitimate (adj.)
: allowed by the law, or correct according to the law;fair and reasonable.
e.g. Jesus was the legitimate heir to the throne.
14. Heir (n.)
: someone who will receive money, property, or a title when another person dies.
e.g. Jesus was the legitimate heir to the throne.
15. Vulture (n.)
: a large bird that eats the bodies of dead animals.
e.g. Like vulture robbed of their young.
16. Courtyard (n.)
: A square area that is surrounded by buildings or walls.
The hotel is built round a courtyard, with fountain and palm tree.
17. Rejuvenation (n.)
: to make something work much better or become much better again
e.g. I came back from holiday feeling rejuvenated.
18. Deceit (n.)
: behavior that is intended to make someone believe something that is not true
e.g. He was enmeshed in a web of deceit and lies.
19. Census (n.)
: An occasion on which government officials count the people who live in a country and record other information about them.
e.g. All the world should be enrolled in a census.
20. Commission (v.)
: to ask someone such as an artist or musician to produce a piece of work in exchange for payment.
e.g. Damasus commissioned a scholar Jerome to produce a correct translation.
21. Forge (v.)
: to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries
e.g. Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music.
22. Sardonic (a.)
: showing that you do not have a good opinion of someone or something, and feel that you are better than them
e.g. He looked at her with sardonic amusement.
23. subjugation (n.)
: Forced submission to control by others.
e.g. It justifies women’s normal subjugation in Greek cultural.
24. Theological (adj.)
: Relating to the study of God and religion.
e.g. The theological study of the person and deeds of Jesus.
25. Integrity (n.)
: the quality of always behaving according to the moral principles that you believe in, so that people respect and trust you.
e.g. Clytemnestra also defends the integrity of the family.
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